Consider and explore how far Susan Hill encourages us to feel Sympathy for The Woman In Black

This chilling ghost story, written by one of Britain’s outstanding writers, Susan Hill, was first published in 1989. It took just 6 weeks over the summer for Hill to produce this masterpiece. The Woman in Black maintains the reader’s attention the whole way through the book, keeping them hooked onto every word. Hill has written it in a very clever way, making the reader feel the greatest sympathy for The Woman in certain parts of the novel, but in other parts she makes the reader feel the complete contrast. Hill demonstrates this at the start of the book, when we feel sympathy for The Woman when Arthur sees her at her sister’s funeral.We feel sympathy ‘that a women who was perhaps only a short time from her own death, should drag herself to the funeral of another’. This makes the reader feel sad for The Woman. Another reason the reader does not dislike The Woman is that even though she obviously feels hurt by her sister; she still makes the effort to go to her funeral. The reader also feels great sympathy at Mrs. Drablow’s funeral when Arthur realises that The Woman is suffering from ‘some terrible wasting disease’. ‘Only the thinnest layer of flesh was tautly stretched and strained over [The Woman’s’] bones’.We also feel sympathy that she is ‘quite possibly no more than thirty’, as a woman of her age would tend to care more about her beauty. The disease is also incurable which makes us again feel sympathy. The fact that her child was born illegitimately, meant that she had to give him up when he was very young, also makes the reader feel compassion for The Woman. Jennet was not even allowed to visit her beloved son and was forced to live ‘hundreds of miles away’. This obviously deeply upset her as ‘she threatened violently’ when she was told she could not see Nathanial.We also feel that it must have pained her that it was her own sister that was keeping her away from her son. When she was finally allowed to visit her son she could ‘never see the boy alone nor ever disclose she had any relationship with him’. It must have been terrible for The Woman to not be able to tell her son that she was his mother. Another thing which would have saddened her was to see her son acting towards another woman like she was his mother but to her like a stranger. Hill makes us feel sympathy for The Woman when she had to witness the brutal drowning  of her child, knowing she could do nothing to save her son. This must have been a truly terrible experience and the reader feels extreme empathy for her.The noise of her son breathing his last breaths, his ‘cry’, ‘shout’ and then his ‘terrified sobbing’, must have haunted her for the rest of her life. This would have been worsened by the fact that she knew she could have saved her son if she had not let her sister take him out that day. Hill makes the reader feel compassion for Jennet that for most of her life she was mentally tormented by ‘desire for revenge’.The Woman is described as a ‘crazed, troubled women, dead of grief and distress, filled with hatred’. This shows that Hill is again making the reader feel sympathetic towards Jennet, who had obviously loved her child so much that she was driven crazy by revenge to get back at Alice, who she believed, cruelly snatched her child out of her arms. We feel that The Woman was not responsible for some of her actions as her mind was clearly clouded. The writer then uses Jennet’s disease to make us feel understanding for her. Because of her disease ‘she looked like a walking skeleton-a living spectre.When she went about the streets, people drew back. ’ This would be terrible for The Woman, that her appearance was enough to make people not want to even look at her, let alone talk to her, further heightening her feeling of being alone. The fact that ‘children were terrified of her’ would have been deeply saddening for a grieving mother. Susan Hill encourages the reader to feel sadness for The Woman when we learn about the circumstances of her death. She makes us pity The Woman because ‘she died in hatred and misery’ and she also died alone and isolated. Not one person loved, cared or even liked her.Hill makes us sympathise with her as no one would like to die knowing that no one cherished them, and that no one would miss them. Even Arthur, who was severely affected by The Woman, sympathises with her. Near the end of the novel he refers to the reasons she went mad and says, ‘Was there any wonder? ’. This shows that even though Arthur bitterly disliked The Woman, he can understand that with the terrible, tragic events that happened in Jennet’s life, it was no wonder she went mad. However even though Hill makes us sympathise and pity The Woman, in many parts in th e novel, she also makes us feel hatred and loathing towards her.This is demonstrated when we learn that she has probably been haunting her sister for many years, up until her death. This would have been terrible for ‘old Mrs. Drablow’, as she was all on her own in a big, old, isolated house. It must have also been terrible for her to know that it was her own sister who was haunting her, someone who should have loved and cared for her. Hill also makes us feel dislike for The Woman when the reader discovers that Jennet ‘blamed her sister’ for Nathan’s death, when in fact it was ‘no one’s fault’.Alice was kind enough to care for her child, yet Jennet gives her no thanks for that, only blamed her when something beyond her control goes wrong. Hill also makes us have no sympathy when she tries to take the life of yet another innocent being. This is when Arthur is at Eel Marsh House with Spider. The Woman whistles Spider to come, playing on his weakness. The vulnerable dog follows the sound, which almost leads to his and Arthur’s death. ill HHill makes us despise The Woman for this, because if Arthur had not been there to rescue Spider, Jennet would have succeeded in taking the life of another innocent being.This also shows that The Woman is more than just a mental threat to Arthur and the other people she torments; she is also a physical threat. The way that The Woman gets her revenge is the thing that earns her the most hatred. How she takes innocent, blameless lives of children, the sole reason being that her child died, something which the children lives she takes have nothing to do with. The children do not die peacefully either; they die in ‘some violent or dreadful circumstance’. The fact that The Woman does all of this just so she can get her revenge, again, makes the reader feel no sympathy for what had happened to her child.The Woman doesn’t just torment children; she also cause s great distress to Mr. Jerome, a young man who was in no way to blame. Hill makes us feel hatred towards The Woman because of how severely she has evidently affected him. We can tell this because when The Woman is mentioned, Jerome goes into ‘a state of near-collapse’. Arthur also notices ‘how seriously he was affected’, when he tries to have a conversation with him about The Woman and his skin turned ‘a sickly greyish’ colour.Hill does not encourage us to feel sympathy for The Woman as the novel is written from Arthur’s point of view and The Woman is horrible to Arthur. It appears that almost as soon as The Woman sets eyes on Arthur she feels hatred towards him. This is first demonstrated when Arthur encounters The Woman at Eel March House. The expression on her face was one of ‘purest hatred and loathing’. This again wills us to dislike The Woman, why would she detest someone so much, when he has done nothing wrong to her ? Another way that Hill gets us to feel absolutely no sympathy for The Woman is when she comes after Arthur and his family.The fact that Arthur is trying to get over her and start a new chapter in his life, and then The Woman appears and ruins it for him. She kills his innocent child, but still this is not enough. The Woman then goes on to give Stella, Arthur’s wife, ‘terrible injures’. This eventually ends in Stella’s death; however she does not have an instant death where she feels no suffering, but a painful, prolonged, miserable death. The Woman then forces Arthur ‘to live through it all’, makes him watch Stella gradually fade away, all-the-while he is grieving over the recent loss of his child.The final way that Hill encourages us to feel no sympathy for The Woman is when she reveals what The Woman has done to the nursery. Whereas before The Woman set foot in it it was orderly and peaceful, after she did it was ‘in a state of disarr ay’. Hill uses this to symbolise that before The Woman appears in people’s lives, they are much like how the nursery originally was, orderly and peaceful. However when she intrudes in them, they quickly turn into ‘a state of disarray’. Some of the toys are also broken; this represents how some people cannot recover their lives.Hill uses the nursery to makes us feel no sympathy towards The Woman because of the way she can destroy others’ lives. In conclusion I think that Susan Hill has been very clever in the way she wrote this book, encouraging us to feel sympathy for The Woman In Black in some parts or the book, and encoraging us to feel hatred and disgust with The Woman in other parts. I think that The Woman’s past explains her actions however it does not justify the terible things she did to all of those innocent, blameless people. By Ellie Vaughan

Mice and Men – Loneliness

How does Steinbeck present the theme of loneliness in ‘Of Mice and Men’? ‘Of Mice and Men’ is written by John Steinbeck, published in 1937. The novel is set in the 1930s during the great depression in California. The two protagonist characters, George and Lennie are farm workers who have a dream of one-day owning their own ranch. They find work in a ranch near Soledad, after escaping from Weed because of George’s incident. They are met by different characters on the farm that all have a dream. To be lonely means to lack friends or companionship and to feel isolated. Most of the characters are lonely and the only thing that keeps them alive is their dreams. Some of the loneliest characters they meet are Candy, an old man with only one hand, Crooks, a black cripple and Curley’s Wife, a woman who has no identity; she is lonely even though she is married. Although they are all on the ranch together, they are lonely because of who they are and their history. ‘Of Mice and Men’ is an emotional story with many different themes and characters. This essay will describe the way loneliness is portrayed in ‘Of Mice and Men. George Milton and Lennie Small are friends who travel together. They both share the same dream, which is to one day own their own ranch. George is quick-witted and intelligent. He takes the parental role of looking after Lennie, a simple-minded man who in the book is described as a giant. Lennie is kind hearted with huge physical strength. He does not know how powerful he is and likes to pet animals. The other me n on the ranch find their relationship unusual, they do not know of their past. George describes himself and Lennie as the loneliest guys in the world. Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They belong in no place. ’ George feels sorry for himself; he can see the reality of being a ranch-hand. This loneliness therefore makes both him and Lennie have a dream that motivates him to work. It is the one thing that they are living for. The boss believes that George is exploiting Lennie. The other men come to see that their friendship is built upon loneliness. Others such as Crooks, Candy, Curley’s wife and maybe Slim are jealous of their relationship. Although both George and Lennie are close friends, they are still lonely in the sense that they are not alike. Lennie is lonely in the sense that there is no one who is as simple-minded as he is, he does not realise this, as he is too busy playing with his pup. When George and Lennie first arrive on the ranch, they are met by Candy. Candy and his dog’s relationship resemble George and Lennie’s relationship. In the same way, that Candy seeks comfort in his dog, Lennie seeks comfort in George. Candy has a parental role towards his dog, just as George has a parental role towards Lennie. Lennie can be compared with the dog in the sense that he listens, but does not talk; this provides comfort for those who talk to him about their feelings. Both Lennie and Candy’s dog are shot by the same gun (Carlson’s luger). Carlson is unsentimental about Candy’s dog, as he can see no practical use for it. ‘He ain’t no good to you Candy. An’ he ain’t no good to himself. Why’n’t you shoot him Candy? ’ His suggestion is reasonable for the other men in the bunk- house but he seems oblivious to the strong bond between Candy and his dog. Candy tries to justify the reasons for keeping his dog. I had him so long. Had him since he was a pup. I herded sheep with him. ’ In the end, his dog is shot because of his lack of authority towards the other men. Candy is left lonely and deserted after he loses his lifetime companion. He later cheers up after he joins in with George and Lennie’s plan of owning the dream farm. ‘I’d make a will an’ leave my share to you guys in case I kick off. ’ Candy promises them, that if he died, he would leave George and Lennie his money. This increases his chance of becoming part of the dream. It also increases the chance of the dream becoming reality. Carlson is also a lonely character; he is callous and does not know the appreciation of friendship. He has his gun to look after and care for, the movement of his hands whilst he cleans it show signs of loneliness, he also appears nonchalant. ‘He laid them on his bed and then brought out the pistol†¦then he fell to cleaning the barrel with the little rod. ’ He spends time looking after the gun, he does not take part in the conversation between the other men, he feels happy with his gun and does not see the value of friends and companionship. Curley’s wife is one of the loneliest characters in the novel; she has no identity, she is seen as an object, a possession of Curley’s. Curley’s wife is seen as a flirtatious ‘tart’ by the other ranch-hands, true, Curley’s wife does flirt, she is very conscious of the effect this has on men, but she is not a tart. She wants attention and by gaining that attention, she act the way people think. ‘She had full rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. ’ She likes to dress up and wear a lot of make up, to attract the men. The men on the other hand do not flirt with her, as they are afraid of what Curly might do. This leads to the loneliness of many characters. Although the men think it is wrong of her to flaunt herself sexually and give everyone the ‘eye’, the men all visit a whorehouse for sexual gratification and momentary companionship. Those like George and Whit contradict themselves when they talk about Curley’s wife as being ‘jail-bait’. ‘She’s gonna make a mess. They’s gonna be a bad mess about her. She’s a jail-bait all set on a trigger,’ George senses danger coming his way, but he chooses to ignore it, as he needs the money. During the 1930s, women were seen as possessions of their husbands who were to stay at home. George’s view of women, seem to be very basic and biased, he sees them as instruments to relieve physical urges. ‘She never talks dirty, neither. Got five girls there. ’ George does not express the need for any female companionship mainly because he is too busy keeping Lennie out of trouble. She confides in Lennie and tells him about her dreams of becoming a movie star. Steinbeck uses Lennie as a voice to the reader, it is because of him that the reader finds out about Curley’s wife’s dreams and feelings. Coulda been in the movies, an’ had nice clothes – all them nice clothes like they were. ’ She seems to be obsessed by her appearance; she wants the fame and glamour. She appears to have given up her dreams as she married Curly, she feels as though her dreams have been shattered and that she can no longer achieve her goals. Like Curleyâ⠂¬â„¢s wife, Crooks also has no name, it is just a nickname the other ranch-hands use because he is crippled. He is intelligent and very well organised; he has his own room where he keeps his books and possessions. For him, his room is a haven or an oasis. ‘For, being alone, Crooks could leave his things about†¦this room was swept and fairly neat, for Crooks was a proud, aloof man. ’ This shows signs of isolation, as there is no one to comment on the tidiness of his room. He feels isolated and bitter. He is the victim of oppressive violence and prejudice on the ranch. When he first meets Lennie, there is an immediate rejection of friendship mainly due to the anguish of his loneliness. ‘Well, I got a right to have a light. You go on get outa my room. I ain’t wanted in the bunkhouse, and you ain’t wanted in my room. ’ He does not know that Lennie is unlike the other men, he has been criticised and made fun off, so he does not appreciate the company of others until he gets to know them and their attitude towards him. He tells Lennie of his hopes of having some one to talk to. ‘I tell ya a guy gets too lonely, an’ he gets sick. ’ He admits to feeling isolated, he wishes for a friend to talk to. For a moment, Lennie seems to be a new friend, Lennie sees Crooks as an individual, a person in his own right. Crooks respects him for this and is excited about his new companionship. Again the reader only finds this out when Crooks tells Lennie about his feelings. Crooks admits to not having a dream as he is afraid of disappointment, he does however get caught up in working with George and Lennie in the dream farm. His hopes are shattered by George’s dismissive attitude. ‘I didn’ mean it. Jus foolin’. I wouldn’t want to go no place like that. ’ The lonely characters feel they can confide in Lennie, as they know he will not tell anyone. Crooks is treated as an outcast due to the perspective of race and black people of the time. Black people were seen as outcasts that had no right to mix with the whites. Curley is a small ex-boxer. He is one of the most violent characters on the ranch. He hopes that by being violent and aggressive towards the weaker characters, he will gain authority. He however avoids those he considers to be strong and with authority, such as Slim. He sees everyone with a lower status and sees people as a hierarchy. ‘He wore a work glove on his left hand, and, like the boss, he wore high-heeled boots. According to Candy, the work glove that Curley wears is full of Vaseline to keep his hands soft for his wife. The high-heeled boots give signs of status and height. A debatable character is Slim, is he lonely, does he feel isolated? Because of his calm attitude and natural authority, the less lonely characters rely on him. He is understanding and kind, which is why George tells him of the incide nt in Weed. He does not seem to have a friend, does that mean he has resigned? There is however some hope for him after Lennie is shot, he is the one who comforts George and tells him he done the right thing. You hadda, George. I swear you hadda. Come on with me. ’ The book begins with a calm and peaceful setting of nature. ‘A few miles south of Soledad, the Salinas River drops close to the hill-side and runs deeps and green. The water is warm too, for it has slipped twinkling over the sands in the sunlight before reaching the narrow pool. ’ This shows the peaceful world of nature, it is very calm and tranquil. The pool shows signs of innocence, as it is only a branch of the Salinas River. The river is a sign of the secrets and the future in nature and the novel. The deep green makes it unable to see the riverbed; this shows signs of a faint and perhaps a dangerous view of the future. Despite the movement and the motion of the river, there are still signs of loneliness; there is only the cyclical of nature. The language Steinbeck uses to describe the setting is sophisticated and formal. ‘On the sand-banks the rabbits sat as quietly as little grey, sculptured stones†¦from the direction of the state highway came the sound of footsteps†¦the rabbits hurried noiselessly for cover. ‘For a moment the place was lifeless, and then two men emerged from the path and came into the opening by the green pool’ This shows the peaceful world of nature being disturbed by man. The rabbits sensed the presence of danger and hurried away, it is a movement from harmony to discord. There is a contrast between man and nature. The rabbits sat quietly without making a lot of movement and noise, whilst George and Lennie emerge and break the peace. The peace of nature is also disturbed at the end when Lennie is shot. The pool is described as an innocent place; it reflects Lennie’s innocence. There is however, senses of loneliness as neither George nor Lennie speak, there are no sounds of nature from when they emerge. The pool is still and the wind has stopped rustling through the leaves. The language Steinbeck uses to describe the landscape and a character is contrasted with the way the characters speak. The characters use American colloquial slang. The characters also speak of being lonely and wanting companionship. Steinbeck pays attention to the description of the characters; he mainly concentrates on the hands. Lennie’s hands are described as paws, Candy’s has one missing, Curley’s keeps his left hand in a glove, Crooks’ palms are noted (colour). George has strong but small hands, Slim hands are mentioned and Curley’s wife’s hands are only described in terms of fingernails. Steinbeck presents the theme of loneliness through the characters. The language he uses to describe the landscape and characters show signs of loneliness. The character’s past reflect their loneliness and the death of both Candy’s dog and Lennie create the major theme of loneliness. Nature and animals play a large role in the story, the main comparison of man and nature is when Lennie is described as a bear. ‘He walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws. ’ Steinbeck wants to show the size and strength of Lennie therefore he compares him to a bear. The book was written during the 1930s during the Great Depression. This was a difficult time for America and its people; Steinbeck shows the fear of the Depression by having the men all work together. No matter how much the men on the ranch stick together and some may support each other, they are still lonely.

Beethoven Sonata No 27 Essay

This piece is highly unusual for Beethoven Sonatas. One, although it was written at the start of his late period, this sonata had only two movements, the first being extremely short. Secondly, this was the first that Beethoven started writing his tempo markings in German, as though implying that this Sonata was more personal. Beethoven has also remarked on this piece that he considered titling it either â€Å"Struggle Between Head and Heart† or â€Å"Conversation with the Beloved†. This sonata was dedicated to Count Moritz von Lichnowsky and so describes the love affair he was having at the time. Beethoven literally gave the Count this sonata with the words, â€Å"This Sonata describes your love life.† The first movement of the sonata has an extremely short development, and a surprising coda. The second movement is much longer, much like a Schubert sonata and has another surprising ending of a small epilogue. In fact, Schubert’s first sonata (unfinished) 2nd movement, shows a distinct likeliness to this piece’s 2nd movement. It would almost seem like Schubert’s first sonata was a tribute to Beethoven. Written in 1814, there is a 5 year gap from his last sonata. He gives exact instructions for his tempo markings because, as he said, â€Å"I am deaf, and I can no longer play the piano. Therefore, I must give exact instructions to the performer.† In fact, he became so particular, that he started notating exactly where his dynamic changes are, leaving almost no room for the performer for adjustments. Listening to a lecture recital by Andrea Schiff, he has remarked that Sonata no. 27 is one of the most mysterious of the 32 sonatas. This sonata was written deliberately not to ‘please’ his audience. He wrote it to promote discussion among music lovers and pianists. This sonata wasn’t even written to be performed on stage. Both movements of this piece end quietly, written subito piano and no retardando could be seen. The piece ends quietly and the audience is barely aware the piece has even ended. This sonata is not meant to make an impression. Andrea Schiff has even gone so far to say that, â€Å"Ideally, we wouldn’t even have an applause at the end of this piece, there is nothing to applaud!† Furthermore, the sonata after, No. 28 (in A Major), sounds like a continuation of the 2nd movement. I will be doing a structural analysis of the Sonata, however, I will also be adding some commentary on some aspects I find more interesting. Starting from the beginning of the first movement, we have the exposition and the first theme. Already here in the first eight bars we can see the conflict â€Å"between the head and heart†, like this movement is so aptly nicknamed. In m. 8-16, we see some use of syncopation, indicating that the movement should be counted in one and not three in the  ¾ time signature. In the first 24 measures, ending with the fermata on a rest, we see clearly the backbone of the whole sonata. In the next section starting with an open b octave, we see the composer has marked in tempo and pp. Beethoven really marks everything for the performer, leaving little to question on how exactly he wants it performed. In m. 55, where we have a very awkward left hand broken chords, I would like to point out that the base line for these seemingly randomly spaced chords is actually the inversion of the original theme at the beginning of the piece. The second movement starts at m. 82 on a single b. At m. 109, we have a sudden reminiscence of polyphonic texture much like what Bach would have written. Starting in m. 113, just when the counterpoint ends, we see that the theme has migrated to the tenor line in the left hand, leaving the right hand free to ‘improvise’ over. We modulate at m. 130 and in m. 136 there is an echo of the first theme. Just when we think that it sounds somehow familiar, the recapitulation suddenly appears at m.144. There is a little coda at m. 231 and the first movement ends quietly with no retardando marked. It is assumed that the performer moves immediately to the 2nd movement. The opening theme in the rondo is something that the performer becomes familiar with very quickly, because it is repeated in the entire movement no less than sixteen times. In contrast to the fighting between the head and heart in the first movement, this movement is nicknamed, â€Å"Conversation with the Beloved†. This theme is so unlike Beethoven that it has almost a Schubert-like quality to it. I would also like to note that the opening theme of the second movement is an inversion of the first theme in the first movement. The epilogue at m. 286 quietly ends the piece, just slipping away. No one notices that it has ended until the surprising silence occupies the space. There is no retardando written and the dynamic marking is pp. I would also like to do a Golden Mean analysis with the first movement, the second movement, and the entire work. Movement one: 145m x .618 = 89.61 Movement two: 290m x .618 = 179.22 Whole work: 535m x..618 = 330.63 or 185.63 in the 2nd movement In movement one, the midpoint falls a few measures after the development, where the theme is being repeated in the surprising key of a minor. This is right before we crescendo up to a climax at m. 92. In movement two, the midpoint falls onto another a minor chord. This measure is right before we transition to another choral in the key of B Major. The midpoint of the entire piece falls on an unassuming measure in the middle of the first theme of the second movement. As for the most important parts of the entire work, I would point out the interesting inversions scattered across the board. First would be the awkward broken chords at m. 55 in the first movement that I have mentioned before. And then again right before the recapitulation when the theme is echoed over the keys. Then again at the little coda at m. 231. As for the second movement, the whole theme is the inverted first theme of the first movement.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS - Essay Example The company seeks to liaise with other automobile companies and revive electric vehicles in Israel. This way, a major network of electric vehicles will be formed (Gilder, 2013, p. 95). Better Place has a mission to exist on which aims at complete elimination of automobiles that use oil. These cars will be friendly to the environment as there will be no toxic fumes production via exhaust pipes. This implies that there will be no threat of gas build up from these cars. Better Place asserts that it is different from other companies in the sense that it works in the view of changing the world by bringing on board the electric vehicles. The vehicles will be cost effective as opposed to cars that are wholly dependent on petrol and diesel. According to statistics, it can be shown that internal combustion vehicles would cost owners an average of $ 0.11-0.12 for every mile cruised. On the other hand, electric cars are estimated to spend $ 0.06-0.08 mile on average (Alt, 2013, p. 6). These sta tistics fully support the Better place in its assertion that it will make a difference that will impact positively on the lives of Israelites. On the contrary, if Better Place were not there, there would also be unhealthy competition due to the fact that there would be no change in different car models to offer a wide range of choice (Etzion & Struben, 2011, p.8). Also, creativity and innovation would be phased out in automobile industry leaving no opportunity for more choices. Better Place has stakeholders who intend to build long term relationship with for constructive progress of the company. These stakeholders decide on forms of engagement and recording of the outcomes as well as improving the way the organization works (Husted & Allen, 2011, pp. 128). These stakeholders include employees, customers, suppliers and members of the community in Israel. The headquarters in California provide the effective guide in terms of delocalized management in which case the company is able to have well co-ordinated activities in all countries of operations. They are very important in business engagements as they contribute in its growth and development. This relationship is illustrated using a table below whereby employees’ involvement is to improve morale, motivation and creation of dynamic safe environment. Customers on the other hand engage in building reputation helping in building the business (Etzion & Struben, 2011, p.21). Then, government helps the company keep abreast with policy and regulations while the community builds the organization’s reputation. Venture capital investors have the duty to invest more capital into the business so that its financial status is strategically envisioned. Suppliers have a very big role to play in production as the supplies of for example tires keep the company service and goods provision to the market strong and stable. Other utility companies are very important as they either make use of the company products or ma ke relevant supplies of validity. Car manufacturers are of great value because they make the industry have the required supplies of cars and spare parts as much as possible. Low level of Interest High Low Power High source: (Gilder, 2013) Industry Analysis and Scenarios Better place is bound to face various positive and negative scenarios in its course of it business activities. This means that eventualities are expected and the company must device new strategies of fighting its rivals in business activities. In this respect, it should prepare to fight all possible threat that may undermine its progress. This would be achieved by proper incorporation of methods that re reasonable and

Strategic management analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Strategic management analysis - Essay Example The company is the largest coffee chain store in the world and has its operations in 61 countries with more than 20000 stores. The product portfolio of Starbucks includes hot and cold drinks, sandwiches, coffee beans, snacks, pastries, etc. The company has its foundation in Seattle long time back in 1971 as a roaster and retailer of local coffee bean and has expanded to a large extent since then. The company is the market leader in its coffee segment and its basic strategies are competence based strategy and the focus strategy based on which it adds value to its products and establishes the image of luxury and elegance (About Us 2012). The report presents the strategic management analysis of Starbucks considering its international segment out of the three segments. The country chosen in its international segment is UK. Starbucks entered the UK market in 1998 with the investment of $83 million and launch of more than 60 stores (Lussier 2008). The present coffee shop market environment of UK is very competitive with presence of multiple players in the market including branded coffee shops, independent retail stores and small coffee stores presenting a tough competition to Starbucks (Weston 2009). The report analyses the external environment of Starbucks with respect to UK coffee market, strategic capability of the company and the strategic fit with the help of suitable models such as Porter’s five forces, value chain analysis and PESTEL analysis. Task A (1): Analysis of Starbucks external environment Macro-environment: PESTEL Analysis Political: Impact 3 of 5- Coffee beans is grown in the developing countries. The major aspects about which the discussions keep going on in the UK political environment are work conditions and child labor. The political influence is also high through tariffs and taxes (Press Release – Project Cafe11 UK 2011). Economic: Impact 4 of 5-The major business challenge for the industry as a whole is related to the economic rec ession of 2008. Owing to the recession period, consumers have become much more cautious with their discretionary expenditures due to the presence of high unemployment and debts on individuals (Weston 2009). Socio-cultural: Impact 5 of 5- People in UK spends more and more on coffee. It is included in their trend to go out and have a cup of coffee. The expenditure on tea by UK people is 623 million pounds, while on coffee it is 738 million pounds. Customers visit the coffee shops not only for having a coffee drink but also for sitting down and have a relaxed time out of their daily hectic routine (The Future of the Coffee Market 2012). Technological: Impact 4 of 5- Technology has become advanced as better as well as cheaper coffee machines are available to make a good coffee at home, for instance Senseo. Environmental: Impact 3 of 5- There is a considerable increase in the environmental awareness due to which coffee companies in UK have to remain concerned about the way their coffee b eans are produced and roasted, the way of the designing of the supply chain and the manner in which they prepare and finally sell their coffee products (Weston 2009). Legal: Impact 3 of 5-

Operations management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Operations management - Essay Example Operations management in an organisation is concerned with the management of people, processes, technology and other related resources in order to produce quality goods and services. In general Operations Management is concerned with the following four interrelated modules; ii. Supply chain modelling: Supply chain forms the backbone of any company and for a production company in particular, the implementation of TQM policies can only be carried out if the supply chain is reliable and quality conscious iii. World class production systems: This aspect can be very well taken care of by the individual company. But the rapid pace with which technological advancements is taking place calls for regular updates on production requirements as well. Lowering the production costs is indeed one of the tried and tested formula for achieving break even and promising profitability for any organisation. But under the globalization regime costs is not the prime factor for the long term survival of the business prospects. Small (1998) contends that, "Over the past two decades there has been a shift in the basis of competition in manufactured product markets. Firms that previously focused almost exclusively on lower costs have adjusted to a focus that places just as high and often higher premiums on quality and flexibility." Therefore managing the operations of an organisation requires it to adjust to these changes. Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (AMT) is the name given by industry experts to the technological advancements being implanted in the production sector. Managing Diversity Liberalization and globalization has opened up newer vistas of trade and business all around the globe. The car market in particular has become very competitive with major players like GM, Ford, Toyota, Audi, BMW, VW etc. besides the local players in some markets. With technology playing a major role in advancement of the features in a car, IT/ICT's help in making the car more intelligent has become very crucial. Besides adding features into the car itself, IT plays an important role in coordinating different aspects related to other departments. Developing effective marketing communication techniques is another such area requiring contribution of IT. Therefore, it appears from the case study that Daimler-Chrysler (DC) has its hands full. The company has not only to take care of the merger after-effects, but it has to keep the company ready to take on the competition from other car makers. As of now the wide culture gap between Stuttgart and Auburn Hills appears to be causing too man y problems for the company. The global economy has made it almost mandatory for international corporations that an effective strategy is adopted for managing the diversity. Companies are moving towards flatter organisational structures, and the global economy is allowing the movement of the workforce across national boundaries, effective interaction amongst

Any topic (writer's choice) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 269

Any topic (writer's choice) - Essay Example According to the essay the industry George’s company is operating in deals with goods with a short lifecycle, after which they lose their value. The shirts are only valuable for each event they are made for, after which their value falls and they can only be sold at a fraction of the price. Another product that can be considered similar is daily newspapers, which cannot be sold at the same price a day after. The company's sales cannot be determined with certainty, and probabilities are used to estimate expected sales. Probabilities are used to predict the number of attendees to the events and the number of attendees likely to buy the shirts as well. Demand side probabilities are afterward used to estimate the volumes of the supply side to order.From this paper it is clear that  decision alternatives George has to make are between orders of 5000, 7500 and 10000 shirts. A larger order has a volume discount. He also has to decide on the percentage of people attending the concer t interested in buying the shirts being 5%, 10% or 15% of the total attendance. Given his expectation of a medium attendance of 50000 grandstand seats and the guaranteed 20000 for the standing area, 10% of the total of 70000 gives a minimum of 7000 shirts. An order of 7500 shirts will cost $25250.  Compare this to his preferred order of 5000 shirts. They will cost $17750. Selling them to agents at $100 a dozen he will make $41600 from 416 dozens.8 surplus shirts sold at $1.50 each will generate $12.

Demand-side and Supply-side Policies on Economic Growth Case Study

Demand-side and Supply-side Policies on Economic Growth - Case Study Example These policies are either expansionary (catalyze spending in a recessionary economy) or contractionary (reduce spending in an inflationary economy). Also, supply side policies are those policies employed by the government to increase the country’s productivity hence shifting the aggregate curve outwards. They also are designed to affect an economy’s ability to produce goods and services. They increase the country’s aggregate productivity over time and improve the potential of the economy to produce. These policies are always expansionary with an aim increasing an economy’s production capacity which translates into increased living standards (Sloman, 2006). Demand side policies are further broken down to fiscal and monetary policies. Fiscal policies are those policies that are aimed at bringing changes in the government spending or taxes collected while monetary policies aim at bringing changes to the money supply engineered by the central bank. Expansionar y policies are then defined as those policies designed to stimulate economic growth through changes in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the potential output of the economy (Economics Online, 2013). The policies are characterized and implemented in the demand side by any of the four categories of expenditure i.e. consumption expenditure, investment expenditure, government expenditure, or net export expenditure that constitutes the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). On the supply side, the expansionary policies are designed to add flavor to the capacity of production of the economy through labor policies (education, immigration, retirement), capital accumulation, research and development (seeking technological improvements), or promotion of resource availability. Monetary policies lower rates of interest that accompany an increase in money supply hence affecting investment expenditure. A monetary policy would increase the amount of local currency available in the exchange market which will then weaken the rates of exchange with other currencies. Also, the lower rates of interest will make the economy unattractive to investors when compared to other economies which will lead to a capital overflow resulting in the sale of domestic assets and the currency in the exchange market resulting in an ultimate weak currency. A weaker currency makes exports relatively cheaper to foreign buyers hence will stimulate the demand for the local goods while at the same time imports will be more expensive to domestic buyers leading to a reduced demand for imported goods (Pettinger, 2011). This will result in an increase in Net Export expenditure. In times of large deficits in the budget, fiscal policies tend to be missing from the policy maker’s ideologies. These policies are easy to legislate as they are politically popular and supported. Monetary expansionary policies are ineffective and unpredictable compared monetary contractionary (Sloman, 2006). In a case where the wea k economic growth or high level of unemployment worries the Federal Reserve, the policy will react by increasing bank reserves by open market purchase (where the central bank buys or sells government bonds on the open market to manipulate the short term interest rate and supply of base money in an economy) prompting banks to convert their reserves into loans to their customers.  

Staff Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Staff Motivation - Essay Example In terms of the positive aspects of current campus culture and climate, Steve Jenkins is of the opinion that respect, experience, and diversity are of greatest value. Public education can still be improved though; Mr. Jenkins would remove big tests if he was given a chance to improve the education system. This is because these tests actually do not force students to memorize concepts over the long term because all that is required is a short-term result. All aspects of school life are evaluated regularly so that the system remains of a high quality. Two books that Mr. Jenkins would recommend to anyone who is looking for further professional development in leadership is ASCD – Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development and National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP) – Grades 6-12. One important piece of advice that Steve Jenkins would give is to read as much as you can, become a good listener, and don’t be afraid to ask as many question s as you wish.

English as Second Language Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English as Second Language - Research Proposal Example Ghaith). However, having said this, it is also essential to weigh the cons so that necessary steps are taken to plug the loopholes. Every system has some weakness. It is for the faculty to take note of these weaknesses and take adequate measures to effectively implement the CL concept in the institution. The participants are 200 male students of the English department in the age group 18-22 years and faculty of the Riyadh Teachers' College. The students as well as the teachers will be asked to fill out a questionnaire. Additionally, teachers will have to undergo an interview to investigate how they perceive CL. Let us first consider the advantages of the CL concept. It frees the teacher from the traditional method of addressing the whole classroom alone. The traditional system becomes more difficult to implement when the classroom is huge and there are students in such large numbers that it becomes almost impossible to evaluate if all the students have adequately understood the lessons being taught. In such situations, the CL concept not only frees the teacher from the shackles of many students not having their problems addressed but also provides them with time and capabilities to understand students' problems and find solutions. It is not usual these days to find classrooms with large number of students. The teacher might not feel it possible to adequately address all the students in the given time slot. She might resign to the possibility of the brighter students getting the best of her pedagogue while allowing the none-too-interested students to struggle away at the rear. The CL concept frees the teacher from solely addressing the students. However, it does not guarantee an easy strategy. The teacher has to prepare well in advance for what is about to happen. She must thoroughly visualize the scenario of the CL groups interacting and getting back to her with their queries (Adam Waxler). The CL concept helps the teacher better address the responsibility of attending the ESL needs of a large number of students with relative ease. The concept is a silent but effective tool to enable students gain confidence and learn ESL with peer interactions. The students may not be able to understand the teacher in the traditional method of pedagogue or if they have queries, they may not be in position to get them clarified on an immediate basis. However, in the CL setup they are able to do both (Implementing Cooperative Learning English Teaching Forum October). Methods of Data Analysis There are many methods of data analysis. A method is chosen when it is found convenient and fitting for the purpose. Equations for the probability functions are given for the standard form of the distribution. Formulas exist for defining the functions with location and scale parameters in terms of the standard form of the distribution (Gallery of Distributions). There are also the measures of variability wherein data is analyzed according to the spread of the frequency. In the case of ESL students, the groups could be analyzed

The Prairie is My Garden and The Old Settlers Essay

The Prairie is My Garden and The Old Settlers - Essay Example Comparing these two artworks, it would be worthy to admit that the artist mastered to use almost the same background but the individuals depicted are absolutely different. Different is the weather, colors, and width of brush strokes. Both works are magnificent and authentic. Both of them depict the character of their creator. Dunn himself was a son of homesteaders, probably this was a reason for his aspiration for painting prairies and small houses. There are houses placed not far away, on the line of the horizon. The line of the horizon lies upper than the middle part of the painting. The lines are clear, the prairie is performed with the help of the wide brush strokes, small details on people are more accurate. The shapes looks very natural, the plain prairie is connected with right angles of the houses and the roundish shapes of a woman and a girl. The heavy weight of a land is balanced with the light sky. The lightest part of the painting is the sky. Overall impression of the pai nting is light. It is a day time and everything is rather light and bright, and the weather is good. The space is shown three-dimensional due to the usage of the perspective – houses seem to be small and people are big. Colors are mild, the balance is reached due to the composition of the ground and objects, the emphasis is put on the human figures. The second artwork, â€Å"The Old Settlers,† also oil on canvas, depicts the two old people, a man and a woman, who are standing near each other. They are also located in the prairie. .

What an education means to me Essay Example for Free

What an education means to me Essay â€Å"Education is a progressive discovery of our ignorance† says Will Durant (1885-1981) Education liberated me from ignorance and placed me in a high pedestal to wine and dines with the intellectuals and not mere men. Sometimes I wonder what my life would have been, without being educated. Like they say education is expensive, then why don’t you try ignorance? A life without education is a passive one. In everything I believe â€Å"basics are the mother of all knowledge† hence, societal development is highly dependent on the literacy level of its citizen. Education to me can either be an informal education or formal education. Informal education is a type of education which is outside the school premises while those of formal are within the school settings. Informal education given to me by my parents helped me a lot and equipped me with basic skills in human relationship and communication skills on which I was able to build upon. This gave me a starter dose. As a child, the elementary school introduces me to the basic skills, information and attitude necessary to thrive in my society. I was also introduce to the principles of reading, writing and spelling and even to some basic arithmetic. I was also introduced to some forms of fine arts, elementary science and some forms of handicraft. Education taught me the creative use of my mind and how to make it work for me in all aspect of my life. It gave me the capacity and ability to evaluate information and to predict future outcomes. I can also effectively recognize and evaluate different points of view even when arguing with my colleagues or friend and not creating a kind of enmity. Education also trained me to seek out alternative solutions and evaluate them when there is need for such, this I called problem solving skills. Education gave me a better understanding of my culture and environment and also helped me to learn history of my country, and an insight into that of others. With all the knowledge and wisdom from such learning I was able to integrate that with some aspect of my life. Acquisition of information about the past and present: including traditional disciplines such as literature, history, science, mathematics was as a result of education and this influence the development of every community. Without education knowledge and history can not be passed from one generation to the other. Education also influences my religion and this has guided my beliefs and actions. The influence of education on self esteem can not be underestimated. Taking my life as a case study, I used to be someone with a low self esteem until I got to realize what self esteem is all about and its effect my actions, life in totality. The sense of well-being, i. e. my mental and physical health has greatly improved. I’m now able to acquire some values and attitude that is highly essential in the competitive and dynamic worlds of ours. The role of education in personal values is very important, because this gave me an opportunity of self-realization and self reflection which is germane to the awareness of my innate abilities and goals. Educations taught me â€Å"morals† which simply means acting in a right manner and knowing how to deal with people. Knowledge of moral practices and ethical standards acceptable by society and culture can only be achieved via education. Everything my religion taught me about morals was as a result of my ability to read, think and takes actions, which are all by-products of education. It’s often said that where there’s no law there’s no sin, hence people can only behave well when they are taught the benefits of acting right towards their fellow citizen. This simply gives capacity and ability to be a good citizen. Education is a prerequisite for an intellectual pursuit. From mine point of view is education simply makes people respect you and recognize you and your achievements. I believe there can be a professor without education and there can’t be a civilized society without education. Culture which is a way of life can only be acquired through education and exposure to the arts. Formation of healthy social and or formal relationships among and between students, teacher, others are some of the importance of education to my life. Culture is also maintain and kept from one age to the other as a result of education. My utmost view of education is that I will be able to earn a living, make the right choice, strengthening my character, becomes strong, develop my body soul and spirit and live a fulfill life. With my career I will be of use to my immediate environment. Above all education makes a better leader. I will conclude this piece by quoting the words of B. F skinner and Jack Stack which says â€Å"Education is what survives when what has been learnt has been forgotten†. – B. F. Skinner â€Å"When you appeal to the highest level of thinking, you get the highest level of performance†. -Jack Spack Reference Teachers mind resource. (2008). The meaning of education. Teacher’s mind resource. Retrieved July 9, 2008. From www. teachersmind . com

Humes Theory of Cause and Effect

Humes Theory of Cause and Effect Poyan Keynejad When discussing Humes account of cause and effect, various influences are interpreted in this relationship. Hume explains how cause and effect tend to come in sequences, as in trains of thought consisting of ideas, necessity, and skepticism. These three ideas explain the pinnacle of Humes cause and effect theory. When discussing ideas, one must consider the fact that ideas range from death-defying to enlightening. For example, when Hume discusses ideology, he mentions a golden mountain. When we think of a golden mountain, we only join two consistent ideas, gold and mountain. All of our ideas or more feeble perceptions are copies of our impressions or more lively ones. (Hume 212) Hume only says that whenever there is an idea, there will be a compounded thought process which reflects whether this idea is beneficial or negligible. (Hume 214) For example, when a mastermind robber, plans to rob a bank, he refers to a process in which his ideas are portrayed physically or visually, then le ads to a scenario of what ifs? These ideas or What ifs? are usually derived as a cause and effect of certain ideas. When referring to the bank robber, what if a meticulous layout of laser security or armed forces? What would happen if he was apprehended? These are usually questions that are asked when ideas when associating ideas with cause and effect. When referring to necessity, one must understand the definition of necessity: a condition or set of circumstances, such as physical laws or social rules, that inevitably requires a certain result. Hume addresses the problem of how liberty is intertwined with metaphysical necessity Hume believes that arguments on necessity and liberty are based on a lack of prior agreement on definitions. Necessity contributes to Humes thought processes in which human nature springs from a certain regularity that we observe in human behavior in all sorts of circumstances. (Hume 222) For example, when referencing a need, some may introduce nourishment and shelter, while others require love and understanding. With necessity, Hume assumes liberty as actions acted upon necessity (Hume 230). So with liberty, how can one differentiate the difference between liberty or necessity? This argument creates a conundrum which Hume himself creates an ideal that necessity may drive an individual to a cause and effect state. Last, when referring to skepticism, one must understand that it is in every possible situation that creates a state of anxiety or nervousness. This quote clearly explains skepticism, We need only ask such a skeptic, What his meaning is? And what he proposes by all these curious researches? He is immediately at a loss, and knows not what to answer a Pyrrhonian cannot expect, that his philosophy will have any constant influence on the mind: or if it had, that its influence would be beneficial to society. On the contrary, he must acknowledge, if he will acknowledge anything, that all human life must perish, were his principles universally and steadily to prevail.(Hume 226) Hume discusses the purpose of the situation. Along with that, he implicates that there should be a definite answer: Simply a cause and effect with proof. Another quote explains When we run over libraries, persuaded of these principles, what havoc must we make? (Hume 238) For example, if there cause of an incident, should there be a solution? Humes refers to havoc as an analysis of a problem, referring to its cause and effect, and introducing a solution. When referring to cause and effect, skepticism plays a significant role due to any actions made. Group II: Churchland Eliminative materialism is the radical claim that our ordinary, common-sense understanding of the mind is deeply wrong and that some or all of the mental states posited by common-sense do not actually exist (Churchland 287). In short, Churchland believes that humans were wrong about a lot of situations, that there is no plausible reason to believe it. One might also gripe that the theory is over optimistic about future of eliminative materialism. Churchland critically plays the role of hypocrite to his own belief, but in reality, eliminative materialism is farfetched idea which compares to witch-craft. The theory has a high sense of doubt not because the prospects for a materialist account of our mental capacities were thought to be poor because it seemed to disorient the logic of those who believe in this theory. Churchland in his article summarizes how common-sense psychological framework is a false and radically misleading conception of the causes of human behavior and the nature of cognitive activity. The initial plausibility of this rather radical view is low for almost everyone, since it denies deeply entrenched assumptions (Churchland 288). Churchland reinforces these statements by quoting, Eliminative materialism does not imply the end of our normative concerns. It implies only that they will have to be reconstituted at a more revealing level of understanding, the level that a matured neuroscience will provide. Thus, we must be careful not to indulge in the denial of the antecedent of a conditional (Churchland 289). Essentially the explanation is whittled down to where if folk psychology is true, then human obey certain ideal; if folk psychology is falsified; humans do not obey these ideals (Churchland 290). This logic is very skewed and creates a very confusing thought process. Essentially there is no questioning process, only a cut-and-dry thought process. Therefore the point of eliminative materialism is that categorization of mental states according to our ordinary, everyday understanding is illegitimate, because it is not supported by the best scientific taxonomies that deal with mental life, such as neuroscience. Some eliminative materialist authors add the further claim that future neuroscience will, in fact, eliminate all non-scientific vocabulary related to the domain of mental states (Churchland 289). When contemplating how eliminative materialism is actually viable, and someone provides low-quality proof, there must be some doubt. Churchlands article was very inconsistent and produced contradictions and a skewed sense of logic. Group III: Parfit Derek Parfit proposed that we separate the notions of identity and survival. In regards to identity he questions the how personal identity must have a definitive answer. He may sometimes explain how some of have an insufficient amount of personal identity, which would present a problem given certain criteria. Along with that, he explains how personal identity is of critical importance; When referring to the previous statement, one must have an established state of personal identity. (Parfit 353) His idea of importance toward an individuals identity makes complete sense, yet compromises a number his thoughts with illogical ideals. When regarding survival, he explains how survivability does not depend on an identity. While his ideas on identity make sense, he is not very persuasive when it comes to survivability. When an individual develops an identity, they usually have a certain stigma that follows them; i.e educator, enforcer, nurturer. Parfit indicates how the question of personal identity is not really that critical to an individuals lifestyle. (Parfit 354) To establish his theory on identity Parfit asks the reader to imagine a case of fission, where a mans brain is split into two and both halves are separately transplanted into two waiting, brainless bodies, On the assumption that both resulting people have my character and apparent memories. (Parfit 355) When thinking about this situation, brain removal usually means tantamount death on both sides of the human, but when speaking metaphorically Parfit believes that two individuals are conclusively different. In regards to the splitting of the human brain he summarizes If all the possible answers are implausible, it is hard to decide which of them is true, and hard even to keep the belief that one of them must be true. (Parfit 356) Parfi t indicates how the implications of personal identity are far ranging, and there is no definitive answer, post-experiment. It seems proper that if Parfits hypothesis is correct on self and identity, our inherited metaphysical schemes collapse. (Parfit 360) In regards to survival, Parfit believes that survivability can be possible without a personal identity. He states that, You could be two bodies with a divided mind. (Parfit 353) Essentially he implies that if the brain is split into two different entities, with a proven stream of conscious, that there are two separate identities. When incorporating these entities into survival, Parfit believes that these entities do not attribute to the success into survival, but the relation to a degree. (Parfit 354) When identifying survival, Parfit approaches the situation in a third person perspective. He doesnt account for someones life, abilities, identity, hopes, or dreams. Parfits theory of survivability incorporates some logic, but the line is crossed when survivability is not accounted for. Parfit needs to supplement his account by saying to what degree these psychological connectedness must obtain in order to count as survival, or his theory predicts that one can survive as another person without dying. His idea on survivability retains a very inconclusive point of view, which remains to be unpersuasive.

Schizophrenia :: Health, Mental Disorder

Schizophrenia is a degenerative mental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. The term schizophrenia comes from the Greek roots schizen â€Å"to split† and phren â€Å"mind† so it is referred to as a as a â€Å"split-mind disease.† Eugen Bleuler diagnosed the first case of schizophrenia in 1908, but Auguste Morel had characterized the disease over 40 years earlier in 1860 (Wikipedia 109). Characteristics of schizophrenia include positive and negative symptoms that manifest in very different ways. The positive symptoms include psychotic behavior such as auditory hallucinations and delusions as well as disorganized characteristics such as paranoid affect and a disordered thought process. On the other hand, negative symptoms signify a loss of normal activity and can include social withdrawal, flat affect, and psychomotor retardation (103 lecture). Having schizophrenia can result in average decrease in life expectancy of 12-15 years (due to its associati on with secondary side affects (wiki 2). Studies now show that schizophrenia has a global lifetime prevalence of around 1-2%, and accounts for up to half of all psychiatric inpatients (103 lecture). The debilitating effects of Schizophrenia usually results in a poor quality of life for the millions of people who suffer from the disease, so it is of the utmost importance to investigate its causes and potential treatments. Many brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, basil ganglia, and the cerebellum have been implicated as potential sources of schizophrenia’s affects (103 lecture). It has been hypothesized that the medications used to treat Schizophrenia work to restore the neural conductivity and activity to the region of affect by restoring proper neurotransmitter function. Current treatment of Schizophrenia utilizes atypical antipsychotics, such as Aripiprazole (Abilify), Clozaril (Clozapine), and Risperdal (Resperidone) (Schizophrenia.com). These medications have contributed significantly to the study of Schizophrenia and are now the primary basis by which researchers study the neurological effects of the disease. Many major neurotransmitter systems such as Serotonin (5-HT), Dopamine (DA), and Glutamate (NMDA) have now been implicated in Schizophrenia and it is possible that complex interactions between these systems lead to the neurological effects of the disease. This paper will prim arily focus on the Serotonin neurotransmitter system, with respect to the 5-HT2A receptors in the brain. The 5-HT2a Receptor While the cause of schizophrenia is largely unknown there is evidence that it is a result of abnormal brain pharmacology. The role of the 5-HT receptors in schizophrenia has come to light in the past few decades when it was found that the new generation of antipsychotics (referred to as atypical antipsychotics) act as potent 5-HT2a receptor antagonists relative to the antagonistic effect on dopamine receptors (Herbert Y.

Creation Mythology of Africa Essay -- Myths Africa African Essays

Creation Mythology of Africa One way of examining the values and traditions of a people is to look at their explanations for how the world came to be. These stories make such wonderful tools for analysis because all cultures have some sort of ‘creation’ story. Thus to compare groups of people we may start by looking at their creation mythology. It is important to note that the downfall of comparing mythologies is that in a way it is like comparing apples to oranges. This is because not every myth portrays and explains the same elements. Five myths from throughout Africa will be mentioned throughout this essay. They are from the Boshongo, Mande, Shilluk, Egyptian, and Yoruba peoples. For a brief description of these myths please see the appendix. Please remember that these myths do not represent the beliefs and stories of all of Africa. In each of these stories, the tale of creation has been presented with a unique twist. Yet there are several important similarities among the various myths. Besides explaining creation, there is always one major creator. However, in some stories such as that of the Boshongo, the creator had helpers whereas in the Shilluk tale, Juok worked alone. In the Boshongo myth, Bumba creates nine animals and mankind. Then these animals and Bumba's three sons worked together creating everything else. In the Shilluk tale, obviously everything is related somehow because everything shares the same creator. Even in other stories where the creator has helpers, however, all of these helpers were made by the creator and thus everything is still connected. In all of these stories, mankind is created by a more powerful being. This represents the belief that... ...rican Cosmogony.† http://alexm.here.ru:8081/mirrors/www.enteract.com/jwalz/Eliade/051.html. taken from: Leach, Maria. The Beginning. New York: 1656. pages 145-6. â€Å"Creation Myths.† http://www.dreamscape.com/morgana/ophelia.htm. January 8, 2001. Crystal, Ellie. â€Å"African Creation Myths.† http://www.crystalinks.com/africacreation.html. August 1995. â€Å"Egyptian Creational Myths.† http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptcreation.html. August 1995. â€Å"Egyptian Cosmogony and Theogony.† http://alexm.here.ru:8081/mirrors/www.enteract.com/jwalz/Eliade/054.html. taken from: Piankoff, Alexandre. The Shrines of Tut-ankh-amon. New York: 1955. page 24. â€Å"Life and Death Under the Pharaohs – the Gods.† http://icvc.imago.com.au/egypt/html/the_gods.html. 1998. â€Å"West African Cosmogony.† http://www.fandm.edu:80/departments/Anthropology/Bastian/ANT269/cosmo.html. 1999.

Nazism :: essays research papers

Nazism was the ideology held by the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, commonly called NSDAP or the Nazi Party), which was led by its "FÃ ¼hrer", Adolf Hitler. The word Nazism is most often used in connection with the dictatorship of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 (the "Third Reich"), and it is derived from the term National Socialism (German: Nationalsozialismus, often abbreviated NS). Adherents of Nazism held that the Aryan race were superior to other races, and they promoted Germanic racial supremacy and a strong, centrally governed state. Nazism has been outlawed in modern Germany, yet small remnants and revivalists, known as "Neo-Nazis", continue to operate in Germany and abroad. Originally, Nazi was invented by analogy to Sozi (a common and slightly pejorative abbreviation for socialists in Germany). The original Nazis from the era of the Third Reich probably never referred to themselves as "Nazis" and generally always as "National Socialists", since Nazi was most commonly used as a pejorative term. Currently some Neo-Nazis also use it to describe themselves. There is a very close relationship between Nazism and Fascism. Since the term Nazism is normally used to refer to the ideology and policies of Nazi Germany alone, while Fascism is used in a broader sense, to refer to a wider political movement that exists or existed in many countries, Nazism is often classified as a particular version of Fascism. According to Mein Kampf (My Struggle), Hitler developed his political theories after carefully observing the policies of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was born as a citizen of the Empire, and believed that ethnic and linguistic diversity had weakened it. Further, he saw democracy as a destabilizing force, because it placed power in the hands of ethnic minorities, who he claimed "weakened and destabilize" the Empire, by dividing it against itself. The Nazi rationale was heavily invested in the militarist belief that great nations grow from military power, which in turn grows "naturally" from "rational, civilized cultures." Hitler's calls appealed to disgruntled German Nationalists, eager to save face for the failure of World War I, and to salvage the militaristic nationalist mindset of that previous era. After Austria's and Germany's defeat of World War I, many Germans still had heartfelt ties to the goal of creating a greater Germany, and thought that the use of military force to achieve it was necessary. Many placed the blame for Germany's misfortunes on those, such as Jews and communists, whom they perceived, in one way or another, to have sabotaged the goal of national victory, by obtaining a stranglehold on the national economy, and using the nation's own resources to control and corrupt it.

International Financial Reporting Standards Essay

According to Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu (2010, para. 3) â€Å"International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are Standards, Interpretations and the Framework adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)†. IFRS was established in 2001 and the conversion of the International Accounting Standards (IAS). The IAS had been functional since 1973 until it was converted to IFRS. More standards and components were added to the new IFRS to enhance professionalism in accounting and to accommodate the changing accounting environment. Many countries have accepted the use of IFRS since they are more comprehensive and cover a wide variety of accounting systems. The changes in technologies cause the adjustments in the accounting standards to ensure no loopholes exist in the accounting profession (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 2010). Transition Issues Most of the standards used in the IFRS were adopted from International Accounting Standards (IAS). IAS has been operational between 1973 up to 2001. They were developed by the International accounting standards Committee (IASC). The task of setting international accounting standards was shifted to IASB in 2001. IASB continues to make accounting standards called the IFRS. IFRS is composed of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) – standards issued after 2001, International Accounting Standards (IAS) – standards issued before 2001, Interpretations originated from the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) – issued after 2001, and Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC) – issued before 2001 and Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statement (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 2010, para. 10). IFRS vs. , U. S.  GAAP The Generally Accepted accounting Practices (U. S. GAAP) were developed to overlook accounting practices in the economy of the U. S. The U. S. GAAP differs slightly from the IFRS and there has been debate to exchange the U. S. GAAP for the IFRS. The IFRS has been acceptable in the global market and has provided opportunities to the U. S. accounting profession since the U. S. GAAP has been limited within the U. S. More than 100 countries in the world are using the IFRS in their accounting systems and there is concern about the adopting of the IFRS in the US. According to Epstein (2008) the implications for the adoption of the IFRS in US will be Training on the differences between IFRS and GAAP, Financial scrutiny of international joint ventures, Merger & acquisition (M&A) international accounting reviews, Sarbanes-Oxley compliance on corporate governance matters, Analysis of international credit policies for multinationals, and Litigation risk due to inappropriate use of IFRS (para. 3). The global investors will have advantages after the adoption of the IFRS in the US accounting systems. This will provide a better environment for cross-border investment as well as integrating capital markets. Global organizations in the US will save the costs of accounting by the use of a single financial reporting standard. The existing system requires compliance with the domestic accounting standards as well as accounting standards of other countries. This is creating more costs to international firms since they must install all accounting systems and employ personnel from diversified accounting backgrounds. The use of the GAAP has limited the growth and expansion of many companies in the U.  S. Multinational companies and their investors will benefit a lot from the adoption of the IFRS (Malriat, 2009). Accounting for revenues under IFRS IFRS adopted some standards used by the IAS but some additional standards were included. This was done to ensure more accountability in the accounting systems and to ensure revenues are safeguarded within the entity. The assumptions of IFRS are; first, accrual basis, this means that transactions are accounted for when they occur but not when cash is received or paid. Secondly, the going concern; the entity is assumed to continue operating in the foreseeable future. Thirdly, stable measuring unit; nominal monetary units are used in accounting to ensure stability of the purchasing power. The qualitative properties of the financial statements are: â€Å"Understandability, Reliability, Comparability, Relevance and True and Fair View/Fair Presentation† (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 2010, para. 14). The elements of financial statements are assets, liabilities and equity. IFRS uses discretion in developing conclusion about the accounting systems of an organization. Approximations and evaluations are not accurate and discretion is required when drawing conclusions about the financial status of an organization. Strict enforcement of accounting standards will provide a better system that will monitor the businesses in the international markets (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu 2010). Conclusion IFRS developed from IAS to include the changing professional requirements and technologies in accounting. The US GAAP has been criticized for its limitation to the US economy and many accountants require the adoption of the IFRS in the accounting systems. The shift from the use of IFRS to the US GAAP will have several implications on the US financial accountants as well as other users of the accounting standards. Even though there are few differences between IFRS and the US GAAP, there are many limitations accompanied with the use of the US GAAP. Adopting the IFRS will open up the market and reduce accounting costs to multilateral firms in the US. Amendments in the IFRS continue to be made to update the standards according to the changes in technology and the global legal systems.

Physics in Light- Intensity

Investigations in Light Intensity Change through Angular Displacement Guiding Question How does the intensity of light change as the angle of incidence to the light source increases? Prediction of Results Predict what you think will happen and what type of equation and graph might best fit the data representing the intensity of a light as the angle of incidence increases. Objective After completing this lesson, a student should be able to analyze light intensity striking a surface at varying angles of incidence.Materials CBL, TI-83 Plus calculator, light sensor, lamp with light bulb (60 to 100 watts), tape measure, Scotch tape (or similar), protractor, sheet of paper, ANGLE program, daily log Vocabulary the normal angle of incidence periodic sinusoidal regression Introduction You have completed an investigation of light intensity changes with varying distance. You will continue investigating intensity changes, but now you will note the change of intensity as light strikes a surface t hrough increasing angles of incidence.As Figure 1 indicates, the angle of incidence is the angle at which light strikes a surface. The normal is an imaginary line perpendicular to the plane on which light strikes. The angle of incidence is the angle between the normal and an incident (that is, an incoming) light ray. Angle of incidence Normal Incident Light Ray Figure 1 As the angle of incident light increases, is it more reasonable to think that its intensity increases or decreases? As you think about this question, consider whether you are more likely to get a sunburn in the late evening when the sun is low on the horizon greater incidence angle) or at noon time when the sun is more overhead (smaller incidence angle), as sketched below? Is it usually hotter at noon or in the late evening? Evening Sunlight Noon Sunlight If you suspect that intensity decreases with increasing angle of incidence, you are on the right track. Assuming for the moment, then, that the light intensity (I) decreases as the angle of incidence (a) increases, we can say the relationship between intensity and incidence angle are inversely proportional over the angles involved.But you may note that as the sun rises through the morning and then sets toward the evening, its angle of incidence decreases, reaches a minimum at noon, and then begins to increase again into the evening. That is, the incidence angle starts at sunrise at a maximum of 90Â °, decreases to a minimum until noon (near the equator it decreases to 0Â °, but not in Alaska), and then increases back to a maximum to 90Â ° at sunset.You can see that this cycle repeats itself time and again: the incidence angle begins at a maximum, then decreases to a minimum, increases to a maximum, and so forth. Figure 2a below shows just such a cycle. Intensity, however, changes as the inverse of the incidence angle, so is represented in the Figure 2b cycle. Morning Noon Evening Figure 2a – Changing Incidence Angle Morning Noon Even ing Figure 2b – Changing Light Intensity This cycle of repeating events is called periodic and you might recognize the curves as sine waves.Here is an equation that describes intensity as a sine wave: I = sin(a) (intensity is proportional to the sine of the incidence angle, a). It is important to remember in this comparison that the angle with respect to the sun will always be between 90Â ° and 0Â °. This means that if we determine one quarter of the period (or cycle), then we can know through regression analysis what the rest of the curve should look like. You will complete an investigation that does exactly this: determine the intensity of a light as the angle of incidence changes from 0Â ° to 90Â °.

A Guide to Internet Privacy Laws and Ethics Essay

With information systems, privacy deals with the collection and use or misuse of data More and more information on all of us is being collected, stored, used, and shared among organizations Who owns this information and knowledge? Privacy is a status wherein an individual can work on his/her information in seclusion, resulting in a selective revelation of one’s identity and information. Privacy can mean anonymity in case a person wants to remain unidentified. Privacy can also be related to the security aspect of an individual or information. The definitions of privacy can differ across individuals and cultures. The invasion of privacy can be avoided by the issue of privacy laws. Internet Privacy and Ethics Using the Internet often comprises the use of social networking sites, email facilities and the browse of various other websites. Internet privacy comes on the scene when it comes to website users giving out their personal details on the Internet. For certain websites, which facilitate online shopping, the users are made to input their credit card numbers. In case of emailing sites, there are issues about whether third parties should be allowed to store or read emails without informed consent. Whether or not, the third parties should be permitted to track the visitors on a website, is another major privacy concern. The other important Internet privacy issue is whether the sites that gather personally identifiable information from the users should store or share it. Internet privacy can be considered as a subset of computer privacy. Computer privacy consists of the data privacy relating to the avoidance of the improper disclosure of the personally identifiable information collected and stored by websites. The effective sharing of data while protecting the private information is the real challenge. Privacy and the Internet * Huge potential for privacy invasion on the Internet * E-mail messages * Visiting a Web site * Buying products over the Internet * Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P): screening technology * Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), 1998: requires privacy policies and parental consent * Potential dangers on social networking Web sites E-Mail Privacy * Federal law permits employers to monitor e-mail sent and received by employees * E-mail messages that have been erased from hard disks can be retrieved and used in lawsuits * Use of e-mail among public officials might violate â€Å"open meeting† laws Computer Matching is a mass surveillance technique involving the comparison of data about many people, which has been acquired from multiple sources. Its use offers potential benefits, particularly financial savings. It is also error-prone, and its power results in threats to established patterns and values. The imperatives of efficiency and equity demand that computer matching be used, and the information privacy interest demands that it be used only where justified, and be subjected to effective controls Computer matching is the comparison of machine-readable records containing personal data relating to many people, in order to detect cases of interest. The technique is called ‘computer matching’ in the United States, and ‘data matching’ in Australia and Canada. Although the latter term is perhaps more usefully descriptive, the United States term is more common in the literature, and is used in this paper. The Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act The Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (5 U.S.C. 552a(o) et seq.) amended the Privacy Act by describing the manner in which computer matching involving Federal agencies could be performed and by adding certain protections for individuals applying for and receiving Federal benefits. As amended by the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act, the Privacy Act requires Federal agencies involved in computer matching programs to: Negotiate written agreements with the other agency or agencies participating in the matching programs; Obtain the relevant Data Integrity Boards’ approval of the match agreements; Furnish detailed reports about matching programs to Congress and OMB; Notify applicants and beneficiaries that their records are subject to matching; and Verify match findings before reducing, suspending, terminating, or denying an individual’s benefits or payments. Though the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act certainly involves detailed procedures, including obscure ‘Data Integrity Boards,’ it is probably most notable for the fact that it institutionalizes sharing of data among federal government agencies. Information collected for one purpose may be used for different purposes by a different federal agency. Though integrity and fairness seem assured by the Act, privacy is not. Flaming also known as bashing, is hostile and insulting interaction between Internet users, often involving the use of profanity. Flaming usually occurs in the social context of an Internet forum, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), Usenet, by e-mail, game servers such as Xbox Live or PlayStation Network, and on video-sharing websites. It is frequently the result of the discussion of heated real-world issues such as politics, religion, and philosophy, or of issues that polarise subpopulations, but can also be provoked by seemingly trivial differences Spam is most often considered to be electronic junk mail or junk newsgroup postings. Some people define spam even more generally as any unsolicited email. However, if a long-lost brother finds your email address and sends you a message, this could hardly be called spam, even though it is unsolicited. Real spam is generally email advertising for some product sent to a mailing list or newsgroup.

A Farewell to Arms †Use of Weather Essay

A Farewell to Arms is a gripping novel that tells the tale of an American soldier, Frederic Henry, in Italy during The Great War who is torn between his duty as an officer and the love of his life, a nurse named Catherine. In the novel, Ernest Hemingway brilliantly uses nature to symbolize and foreshadow certain events in the couple’s difficult journey to escape the war and be with each other. Rain, snow, lakes and rivers all represent either loss, safety, or freedom for the two. Rain clearly symbolizes loss, death and tragedy in the story. This is established very quickly, as in chapter one Henry states that, â€Å"At the start of the winter came the permanent rain and with the rain came cholera †¦ in the end only seven thousand died of it in the army† (4). Right away, the reader should pick up on the symbolism of loss. After Henry falls in love with Catherine, the night he has to leave her to go back to the front there is fog that turns into a cold rain. As the novel progresses, rain foreshadows many other events such as the German offensive and massive Italian retreat, in which many Italian soldiers are killed. It also foreshadows the loss of Henry’s own unit. The day that Henry and his men are to retreat, Bonello mentions the wine they are drinking and Aymo replies, â€Å"To-morrow maybe we drink rainwater† (191). The next day Aymo is actually killed and Henry’s unit falls apart. The big example of rain foreshadowing loss occurs at the end of the story. When Henry and Catherine are at their lodge in the mountains, the night they decide to move to the town for the baby, it starts to rain. Once the baby comes, it rains and Catherine, as well as the child, die. This was clearly indicated as Catherine once said, â€Å"I’m afraid of the rain because sometimes I see me dead in it† (126). Rain is definitely one of Hemingway’s most prevalent tools for foreshadowing in this story. Snow is used in the novel as a symbol for safety and security. It acts as a temporary cease to the fighting and bloodshed, as Henry states, â€Å"looking out at the snow falling slowly and heavily, we knew it was all over for that year† (6). It also represents safety when Henry and Catherine are in their home up in the mountains, completely surrounded by snow, where the war would not reach them nor the battle police to arrest Henry. It was because of this knowledge, how the snow brought an end to the fighting, that many people were hoping it would come once rumors of an enemy offensive were surfacing because snow would make it difficult for the enemy to fight and advance. When Henry returns to the front, the major says, â€Å"I don’t believe they will attack now that the rains have started. We will have the snow soon† (165). Because the snow would be coming soon, the Italians didn’t believe that an offensive was coming and were thus caught completely off guard when it did. In that way, snow symbolizes safety in the story. Symbols for freedom in the novel are natural waterways. Twice, Henry is able to escape war by either a river or a lake. During the retreat, many officers in the Italian army were being blamed for the army’s embarrassment and shot. Henry, being an officer, was pulled to the side and put in a line to be shot. Not allowing himself to be killed, Henry, â€Å"ducked down, pushed between two men, and ran for the river†(225). He sprang into the river and was eventually able to get out downstream. He was then able to find new clothes and was completely free from the army, the river being his liberator. Once reunited with Catherine, they stay at a hotel on a lake. One night he is awoken by the barman who warns Henry that he is going to be arrested in the morning. They quickly conceive a plan for Henry and Catherine to cross the lake to Switzerland; to freedom. All goes well with their plan and the couple are able to escape the country and live well in Switzerland, natural waterways freeing them from trouble for the second time. Hemingway uses nature perfectly to symbolize and foreshadow events in the story. With a mention of rain, snow, or a river or lake, the reader is able to get an idea of what an event might mean, or what events may occur, whether it be loss, safety, or freedom.

Modern Technology Has Made Man Less Human Essay

The modern world has been shaped by its metaphysics, which has shaped its education, which in turn has brought forth its science and technology. So, without going back to metaphysics and education, we can say that the modern world has been shaped by technology. It tumbles from crisis to crisis; on all sides there are prophecies of disaster and, indeed, visible signs of breakdown. If that which has been shaped by technology, and continues to be so shaped, looks sick, it might be wise to have a look at technology itself. If technology is felt to be becoming more and more inhuman, we might do well to consider whether it is possible to have something better-a technology with a human face. Strange to say, technology, although of course the product of man, tends to develop by its own laws and principles, and these are very different from those of human nature or of living nature in general. Nature always, so to speak, knows where and when to stop. Greater even than the mystery of natural growth is the mystery of the natural cessation of growth. There is measure in all natural things — in their size, speed, or violence. As a result, the system of nature, of which man is a part, tends to be self-balancing, self-adjusting, self-cleansing. Not so with technology, or perhaps I should say: not so with man dominated by technology and specialisation. Technology recognises no self-limiting principle — in terms, for instance, of size, speed, or violence. It therefore does not possess the virtues of being self-balancing, self-adjusting, and self-cleans-mg. In the subtle system of nature, technology, and in particular the super-technology of the modern world, acts like a foreign body, and there are now numerous signs of rejection. Suddenly, if not altogether surprisingly, the modern world, shaped by modern technology, finds itself involved in three crises simultaneously. First, human nature revolts against inhuman technological, organisational, and political patterns, which it experiences as suffocating and debilitating; second, the living environment which supports human life aches and groans and gives signs of partial breakdown; and, third, it is clear to anyone fully knowledgeable in the subject matter that the inroads being made into the world’s non-renewable resources, particularly those of fossil fuels, are such that serious bottlenecks and virtual exhaustion loom ahead in the quite foreseeable future.

Politics Aquinas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Politics Aquinas - Essay Example However, despite influences on Aquinas from the political climate of that time, we can perhaps find out the essence of his view on the mentioned problem that still would be relevant for our todays situation. Thomas Aquinas lived at a pivotal period for the Western philosophy when the return of the Aristotelianism combined with scholasticism to reignite debates about the correlation between reason and faith. Aquinas became fully acquainted with this school of philosophy after he joined the Dominican Order and for several years studied with Albertus Magnus (1193-1280), a scholastic philosopher who worked on restating of the Aristotelian heritage. This acquaintance of Aquinas is considered to be the most significant influence on his world view, which turned him into an erudite scholar devoted to the Aristotelian method (McInerny, 1992, p. 16). In general, Scholastics of that time promoted empiricism and voiced support for policies and doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. They stood in opposition to Christian mysticism as well as to concepts of dualism of mind and of the evil nature of the world promoted earlier by Plato and St. Augustine (McGrade, 2003, pp. 33-34). What interests us in relation to the problem that we have raised is Aquinas' theory of natural law. To better understand this theory, it must be pointed out that Aquinas views philosophy as a general term which relates to a set of sciences. To diverse philosophical fields Aquinas ascribes the following due order for their study: logic, mathematics, natural philosophy, moral philosophy, and metaphysics, which is the apex of philosophical study. Aquinas' theory of natural law concerns moral philosophy, for which the notion of the human good is central. Aquinas sees a difference between acts of a man and human acts, as the former acts can be also seen in non-human agents, while human acts stem from knowledge and will and always aim at a known good. But Aquinas points out that as a certain good is not the same as the goodness itself, then what holds together all the human actions is what he terms as the overarching goodness which is the ultimate end. Therefore, any human action is direct ed towards the ultimate end (Lisska, 1998, pp. 132-133). Now that we have uncovered the basic ground of the morality for Aquinas, we can better understand his views towards what he called the natural law. In fact, what forms the essence of the natural law moral theory is the view that morality stems from the nature of the world and of the human beings. For Aquinas, main morality-generating principle of human nature is its rationality, for instance manifested in human pursuit of a certain good, which underlies any moral law. Therefore, as humans are born rational, it is morally right to behave in correspondence with our rational nature. In this way Aquinas connects moral laws with the human nature and this connection forms the basis of the "natural law", that

Anonymity and exclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Anonymity and exclusion - Essay Example This culture of anonymity conceals the criminal participation. The unintentional creation of anonymity has rendered loss of information to the society especially through destructive events and passage of crucial time. Some countries regard anonymity as an illegal trend. Most people who have been threatened usually use anonymity as a mitigating factor. In mature democracies like the United States of America, states have the stop and identify policies which requires that a person to abide by self -identity. The concept of exclusion implies the inability of an individual to participate in social, political and economic activities. Hugh-Jones & Reinstein (2009) asserts that social exclusion is regarded as a result feature of unemployment. Unemployed persons have no adequate income to survive hence they are socially excluded from the society. However, employed persons can put up in a polluted vicinity hence rendering life uncomfortable. Legally, this is a two way traffic scenario. Coleman,  S., & Queens University (Kingston, Ont.) (2003). The e-connected world: Risks and opportunities. Montreal: Published for the School of Policy Studies, Queens University by McGill-Queens University