The effect of Vitamin D3 supplementation on body fat mass in healthy, overweight and obese Saudi women

Research backgroundAs observed in European and northern near American communities, take pop the questions of corpulency in the Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian Arabian population are on the increase. The epidemic of corpulency has been described as the fastest-growing public health challenge in a number of countries. The cost implications simply from the treatment of people with corpulency take up put a strain on the medical services. One much(prenominal) sheath is published in an American debate in 2008, which showed that that$147 billion needs to be spent ein truth year in America for the management of obesity and obesity related disease. This figure was double of what it was a decade ago.Obesity is a terminus used to indicate excessive witness of fat in the proboscis. As menti id before, it is the most common nutritional disorder in developed countries, and is as swell significantly rising in the developing countries such as Saudi Arabia. This can be evidenced from th e data describe by the Saudi National Nutrition pot published on WHO (Health Journal, 2007). Recent studies ware found the insufficient level of vitamin D in fat people(Turner, et.al. 2013 Wortsman, et.al. 2000).Although the specific machine that leads in this shortfall is non further fully understood, solely Turner, et.al. (2013) suggested that the deposition of vitamin D3 in eubstance fat compartments results decreased bioavailability of vitaminD3 from cutaneal and dietary sources. In addition, it has been proposed that intestinal soaking up of vitamin D is reduced in patients with obesity (Wortsman, et.al. 2000). Lack of absorption of vitamin D weakens the atomic number 20 metabolism in patients with obesity this in turn, affects the function of the thyroid gland glands. Altered thyroid gland can no lasting perform its physiological roles, one of which is to sparkle vitamin D in the body.Moreover, studies develop reported low level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrat ions in pear-shaped adults and are linked to increase body fat surge, suggesting the association amongst low circulating concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and obesity. (Rock, et.al. 2012 Boqacka, et.al. 2011). Furthermore, it has as well as been reported that after absorption in the intestine, the storage of vitamin D occurs in fatty and muscle tissue, which then slowly releases into the kindred stream. Defect in this storage dodging or pathway may result the deficiency of vitamin D and may have an impact in determining the level of bodys fat and adipose tissue (Salehpour, 2012). Hence, it is believed that the deficiency of vitamin D may induce obesity.Research aimsHaving reviewed the available literature in the subject, this research project is thusly aimed to check into the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy, intemperate and obese women of Saudi Arabia Investigate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on body composition in over heaviness and obese w omen of Saudi ArabiaThese aims were targeted with the views to providing evidence regarding the association betwixt vitamin D supplements and obesity. Saudi population were habituated(p) the preference as the preponderance of vitamin D deficiency, as well as of diabetes in Saudi Arabian population is very high (Ardawi, et.al.2012).Research methodsFemale population mingled with the ages of 18 and 50 ordain be studied. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 2 groups leave behind be randomly given a vitamin D3 supplement or a placebo (control group) for 12 weeks. Comparison of the levels of vitamin D3 in three divers(prenominal) groups of people, healthy, over cargo and obese pull up stakes be done with an aim to bank bill its implication in these people.After this, analysis get out be done measuring different factors that are associated with obesity.Inclusion and exclusion criteria Old, healthy, over weight and obese Saudi women participants with BMI ?25 kg/ and ages amidst 18-50 years leave be included for the study. Healthy participants will be free from metabolic rise disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, renal disease and will not be on anymedication, or vitamin supplements. , enceinte or lactating women will be excluded from the study. In addition, individuals with changes in body weight more than 3 kg inwardly last three months prior to the try out will also be excluded from the study. Finally, the participants who take on the weight-loss programs or are taking weight loss drugs and smoking will be excluded from the study.Research intentions To address the aims, this study is base upon the following research intentions. These will betested in the laboratory.Assessment of body fat mass and fat free mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis at service line and end of study Assessment of energy and nutritive intakes by 24h food remove and validated food frequency questionnaires, which will then be analyzed for nutrien t intake Analysis of blood serum 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone at baseline and end of study measuring rod of vitamin D level in the participants blood to hear the fluctuation in its level and its affect. meter of vitamin D levels of obese and healthy weight participants to establish the difference in the level of vitamin D in these two groups of people. Measurement of vitamin D post digestion to determine the measure of ingested vitamin D to show their fluctuationsbefore and after intake in the participants of different groups.To conclude, the main aim of this study will be to analyse the effect of Vitamin D3 supplementation on body fat mass in healthy, heavy and obese Saudi women. The association between vitamin D deficiency and obesity is well established. Obesity whitewash remains one of major health challenges. Despite of importunate research, the exact cause of obesity still remains obscure. Both genetic and environmental factors have been reported to be associated w ith obesity, but none of them completely illustrate the machine behind it. But recently, the link between vitamin D3 and obesity has gained some interest. Since obesity is associated with more pathological conditions including cancer and cardiovascular disease, unraveling the manful cause and mechanism of obesity will provide insights into the development of promising therapeutics for obesity and obesity related diseases. Also, in the future,ReferencesAlqurashi Khalid A, Aljabri Khalid S, BokhariSamia A. (2011) prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a Saudi community. Ann Saudi Med.311923.Ardawi MS, Sibiany AM, Bakhsh TM, Qari MH, Maimani AA. (2012) High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy Saudi Arabian men relationship to bone mineral density, parathyroid hormone, bone overturn markers, and lifestyle factors Osteoporos Int. 23(2)675-86.El Mouzan MI, Al Herbish AS, Al Salloum AA, Al Omar AA, Qurachi MM (2012) Regional play in prevalence of overweight and obesity in S audi children and adolescents. Saudi J Gastroenterol, 18(2)129-32.Rock, CL, et.al.(2012). Obesity. Weight loss is associated with increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in overweight or obese women. 20(11), 2296-2301.Salehpour A, Hosseinpanah F, Shidfar F, Vafa M, Razaghi M, Dehghani S, Hoshiarrad A, Gohari M. A (2012) 12-week double-blind randomized clinical trial of vitamin D? supplementation on body fat mass in healthy overweight and obese women. Nutr J. 221178Turer, CD, Lin, H and Flores, G. (2013).Pediatrics. prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among overweight and obese US children. 131(1), 152-161.Wortsman, J, et.al. (2000). American Society for clinical Nutrition. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. 72(3), 690-693.